2008 LHC Simulations by Ji Qiang

Tail emittance evolution and luminosity evolution with conducting wires and different separations.
The plots below are from 3D strong-strong simulations using linear transfer maps from MAD-X output, 64 distributed LR beam-beam, 2 head-on beam-beam with crossing angle collisions. The simulations considered the LHC nominal lattice. It shows that the conducting wires help to reduce the growth of
tail emittance. Reducing the separation by 20% can still be compensated using the wire. However, further reducing the separation leads to significant emittance growth.